Corporate Clean Energy Investment

* Corporate research, development and deployment (RD&D) into clean energy has continued to grow year on year, reaching a total of $10.5bn in 2007, up from $8.37bn in 2006. The figures show the EMEA (Europe Mid-East and Africa) region taking the largest share, with AMER (Americas) closely following and ASOC (Asia-Pacific) somewhat lagging behind.

* 57.6% of clean energy RD&D investment came from EMEA based companies, 33.8% from AMER and 8.6% from ASOC. Utility / energy companies and technology firms have the highest clean energy RD&D budgets in general, with the top 5 firms being GE, United Technologies, BP, E.ON and BASF in descending order.

* However, energy companies’ investment into clean energy RD&D still only accounts for around 2% of overall energy RD&D expenditure.
General Electric (GE) stands out among all the firms analysed (47 in total) with a RD&D budget for 2006 of $900m, which is 54% of global technology / industrial RD&D spending. Furthermore, GE has committed to increasing this budget under their ‘Ecomagination’ program to $1.5bn annually by 2010, which will be directed to the development ofrenewable energies, more efficient aircraft engines and less energy-intensive solutions to water purification and re-use.

Sector Breakdown and Analysis

Utility / Energy Sector

Spending by utilities on clean energy RD&D covered a wide variety of initiatives and developments: BP continued its research into solar, wind, hydrogen fuel cells, biofuels, combined cycle gas turbines (CCGT) and natural gas, mostly through BP Alternative Energy, which was created in 2005 with an investment of $8bn over the period 2005-2015. BP aims to build two of the world’s first industrial –scale hydrogen power plants by 2015. Shell’s RD&D was in much the same vein, though with extra focus on biofuels, which now puts Shell as the world’s leading distributor of biofuels. Endesa and Enel were pushing forward carbon capture and sequestration, while RWE maintained research into increasing the efficiency of its coal-fired plants, being well aware of its status as “Europe’s largest emitter of CO2” due to its large use of coal reserves. EDF’s main RD&D interests lay in PV, solar thermal and biomass, along with electric vehicles, of which EDF has the world’s largest fleet. As with the other French utilities (Total, Suez, and Gaz de France) a large portion of electricity production comes from nuclear power – in fact 95% of EDF’s electricity generation does not emit any greenhouse gases. The primary area of RD&D for Suez was waste and water management and since the company merged with Gaz de France, a target has been set for 10% of electricity generation to come from renewable sources by 2012 (current level: 3%). In the US, Exxon Mobil was directing the majority of its clean energy RD&D to cogeneration facilities, which reduce the company’s CO2 footprint by 10.5m tonnes/yr. Chevron was developing biofuels and hydrogen fuel cells for transport, and renewables for power generation, whereas Exelon’s spending sought further advances in clean coal technology, solar cells and wind power. Pacific Gas and Electric Company continued research into solar technology, maintaining its position as the leading solar utility in the US.

Technology Sector
As stated earlier, GE was the clear leader in clean energy RD&D in 2006. The $900m budget was spent across multiple divisions, including renewables (wind, solar and biomass), fuel efficiency of aircraft engines, efficiency of power generation and less energy-intensive solutions to water purification and re-use. Airbus also worked on the fuel efficiency of aircraft engines, along with advanced production technologies to minimise energy and water consumption during the manufacturing process. The remaining firms in this sector followed suit, with United Technologies making a significant contribution of $700m to the total figure.

Automobile Sector

The top two clean energy developers in this sector were Toyota ($240m) and Honda ($220m), with Daimler and Volkswagen also standing out ($200m and $110m respectively). As would be expected, a large share of RD&D is on biodiesel, bioethanol, hybrids and cleaner conventional engines in a bid to reduce vehicle emissions in the short term. However, there is growing research in other areas: aerodynamic and lightweight vehicles, recyclability (Volkswagen has set a goal of developing cars with 95% recyclability at the end of life-cycle), and increased efficiency in the manufacturing process (Nissan has put in place a target of reducing CO2 emissions by 2050, on 2000 levels). Last but not least, fuel cell technology is seen as a long-term solution; one that requires further development to be marketable, but one that will also replace conventional fuels and even biofuels in the long run.

Chemical Sector

This emerged as a sector where clean energy RD&D facts and figures were less available and less clearly presented. Out of the chemical businesses examined in the research for this note, BASF was not only the clearest reporter but also by far the highest spender, with a total of $600m directed to clean energy RD&D (this accounted for one third of BASF’s total RD&D budget in 2006). BASF was heavily involved in the development of new materials for organic solar cells, innovative storage media for hydrogen and advanced technologies for improved insulation such as nanopore foams. Bayer continued to research super-lightweight plastics for improved energy efficiency in vehicles along with energy efficient building design. The same trend was seen for STMicroelectronics and Dow Chemical, which has also committed to a reduction in energy intensity by 25% over the period 2005-2015. DuPont had a slightly different approach which included the development of new biofuels and the design of high performance materials such as textiles from renewable sources. AIR Liquide had a different set of research criteria still, with much work carried out on clean coal, biomass, hydrogen fuel cell and gasification technologies. As is seen across all sectors, all the chemical firms were also furthering research into efficiency on their manufacturing operations with an overall aim of reducing emissions in the long-term.

Construction Sector

The cement industry accounts for 5% of all man-made CO2 emissions around the world so it would be reasonable to expect this sector to be engaged in emission reductions and climate change mitigation research. This proved to be the case, with transparent reporting throughout. Lafarge ($120m clean energy RD&D budget) was involved in creating advanced cements and cement substitutes which are less energy intensive and developing carbon capture / storage techniques. Heidelberg Cement ($100m) looked for ways of increasing the effective use of alternative raw materials and fuels in the production of cement, while also setting a target of reducing specific emissions by 15% over the period 1990-2010. This sort of commitment was common amongst construction companies: Holcim set itself a goal of reducing specific emissions by 20% from 1990-2010 and Cemex made a pledge to reduce its specific emissions by 25% by 2015 on 1990 levels. In the steel industry, Arcelor Mittal is coordinating the Ultra-Low CO2 Steelmaking Programme between 48 industrial firms. The programme develops cutting edge technologies and aims to cut CO2 emissions in the long-term by 50%.

Retail Sector

There is limited activity within this sector on clean energy RD&D, with only Tesco providing clear data ($144m). The company is developing gasification technology to turn food waste into power and is also involved in wind, solar, biomass and combined heat and power research. Further to this, Tesco is also the UK market leader in biofuels and is intending to spend $720m on low-carbon technologies over the period 2006-2010.

Read more: http://www.articlesbase.com/corporate-articles/corporate-clean-energy-investment-1447404.html#ixzz0zZNWuudn 
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Helping Children to Understand Alternative Energy

Energy Circles RoundIf you have ever spent much time with kids, you know that life is one big question and answer session. With all the topics they are always bringing up, there is no better one to introduce than the topic of our world and how to improve it. A parent could take questions about the sun and turn them into answers about solar energy.

Helping your kids understand alternative energy is very valuable.

Alternative energy is energy that does not use oil. Using natural sources such as the sun, air, water, the heat of the earth and waste products, energy can be created that is safer and less pollutive and renewable.

If children already know what the elements that form the basis of alternative energy are, you can take this information and show them how these things are used to make energy. How do we do this?

Some suggestions are:

When you talk about the sun, you can discuss how power can be derived from the sun using solar panels, that the heat from the sun is stored in panels and then converted to electricity to be used in our homes.

Besides instilling the concept of water safely in children, you can use any discussion about water to explain how it is used to create energy. Children can understand tides, waves and dams; you can explain how each of these can be used to create electricity. If you want to go further, you can discuss how water passes over turbines to create power, how generators store this energy, and how electricity is created. Once they understand this, you can show them how this concept works with tides and waves as well.

When you are explaining to your children how important air is for breathing, you can also explain how it can be converted to power via wind turbines to create safe, clean energy.

Children need to understand the danger of steam so that they do not burn themselves, but you can use this opportunity to explain that steam moves turbines and charges generators that can light our streets and power our appliances.

If you keep the concepts simple, even little children can understand. You can illustrate with items found around your home, show them pictures and even perhaps bring them to a power plant that uses alternative energy. The idea is to get them interested, aware and appreciative of these sources of energy.
Autor: meegwell

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Electricity from physical pressure?

A new experiment in France will use the pressure that is made by people walking on the street to electricity!
This Idea might also be used to create electricity from cars and trains movements.
This recycling idea is great, but some more experiments will have to be done to prove it's efficiency.
The estimation is that a system like that will be able to produce approximately 120 Kwh from trains traffic.
Lets hope it will work!

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